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Influence of surfactants and cosmetic polysaccharides on skin parameters and human skin microbiome
Pilipenco, Alina ; Hurčíková, Andrea (referee) ; Ilona,, Matějková (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis was to investigate the effect of surfactants and cosmetic polysaccharides on skin parameters and its microbiome. Three surfactants were tested to determine their effect: Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), Cocamidopropyl Betaine (CAPB), Decylglucoside (DG). Distilled water was also used for comparison. For the next part of the experimental work were selected 6 polysaccharides: high molecular weight Hyaluronic Acid (HMW HA), very low molecular weight Hyaluronic Acid (VLMW HA), Sodium Caproyl Hyaluronate (CaproylHA), Sodium Carboxymethyl -Glucan (NaCMG), Schizophyllan and Glucomannan. For comparison, placebo and untreated control (only CAPB treatment) were also included in the tests. The first part of the work is a literature search on the assigned topic, which contains the following parts: skin anatomy and its biophysical properties, skin microbiome and its functions, description of used surfactants and polysaccharides. The experimental part is mainly focused on bioengineering methods for evaluation of skin parameters and qRT-PCR to determine the relative proportion of main bacterial species of skin microbiome. First, the effect on the CT gene of 16S rDNA was analysed, and Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains were selected for further analysis. In conclusion are presented an overview of all properties of selected substances and assessment of their application in cosmetics.
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Analysis of coronavirus by QRT-PCR and possible therapy by nanoliposomal carriers of recombinant antigens
Krchová, Lenka ; doc. RNDr. Milan Bartoš. Ph.D. (referee) ; Turánek, Jaroslav (advisor)
This thesis deals with the study of coronaviruses, their diagnostics and subsequently the possible construction of a recombinant vaccine based on liposomal carriers of recombinant antigens. The experimental part of the thesis touches upon two levels. First, the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 virus was measured and investigated by real-time PCR. Biological material of a large number of patients was worked with. Together with the basic determination of the presence of the virus, the stability of the viral particle over time, its resistance to temperature changes, the effect of dilution of the carrier medium on the Ct value and other sub-experiments were investigated. From all the metadata, the most useful variant for pathogen diagnosis is finally evaluated. The experimental part is then followed by a possible therapy with recombinant vaccines. This issue is very topical and moves the whole professional community. Liposomes have been prepared which serve as carriers of bioactive substances in recombinant vaccines. The liposomes were homogenized by extrusion to the desired size and variously surface modified. Antigen binding, stability over time and possible degradation were investigated. Liposomes were characterized by DLS, nanoflow cytometry and electron microscopy.
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Analysis of coronavirus by QRT-PCR and possible therapy by nanoliposomal carriers of recombinant antigens
Krchová, Lenka ; doc. RNDr. Milan Bartoš. Ph.D. (referee) ; Turánek, Jaroslav (advisor)
This thesis deals with the study of coronaviruses, their diagnostics and subsequently the possible construction of a recombinant vaccine based on liposomal carriers of recombinant antigens. The experimental part of the thesis touches upon two levels. First, the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 virus was measured and investigated by real-time PCR. Biological material of a large number of patients was worked with. Together with the basic determination of the presence of the virus, the stability of the viral particle over time, its resistance to temperature changes, the effect of dilution of the carrier medium on the Ct value and other sub-experiments were investigated. From all the metadata, the most useful variant for pathogen diagnosis is finally evaluated. The experimental part is then followed by a possible therapy with recombinant vaccines. This issue is very topical and moves the whole professional community. Liposomes have been prepared which serve as carriers of bioactive substances in recombinant vaccines. The liposomes were homogenized by extrusion to the desired size and variously surface modified. Antigen binding, stability over time and possible degradation were investigated. Liposomes were characterized by DLS, nanoflow cytometry and electron microscopy.
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Influence of surfactants and cosmetic polysaccharides on skin parameters and human skin microbiome
Pilipenco, Alina ; Hurčíková, Andrea (referee) ; Ilona,, Matějková (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis was to investigate the effect of surfactants and cosmetic polysaccharides on skin parameters and its microbiome. Three surfactants were tested to determine their effect: Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), Cocamidopropyl Betaine (CAPB), Decylglucoside (DG). Distilled water was also used for comparison. For the next part of the experimental work were selected 6 polysaccharides: high molecular weight Hyaluronic Acid (HMW HA), very low molecular weight Hyaluronic Acid (VLMW HA), Sodium Caproyl Hyaluronate (CaproylHA), Sodium Carboxymethyl -Glucan (NaCMG), Schizophyllan and Glucomannan. For comparison, placebo and untreated control (only CAPB treatment) were also included in the tests. The first part of the work is a literature search on the assigned topic, which contains the following parts: skin anatomy and its biophysical properties, skin microbiome and its functions, description of used surfactants and polysaccharides. The experimental part is mainly focused on bioengineering methods for evaluation of skin parameters and qRT-PCR to determine the relative proportion of main bacterial species of skin microbiome. First, the effect on the CT gene of 16S rDNA was analysed, and Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains were selected for further analysis. In conclusion are presented an overview of all properties of selected substances and assessment of their application in cosmetics.
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Development of analytical tools for quantification and screening for inhibitors of glutamate carboxypeptidases II and III
Navrátil, Václav ; Konvalinka, Jan (advisor) ; Obšil, Tomáš (referee) ; Šedo, Aleksi (referee)
Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) usually called prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is membrane bound metallopeptidase expressed mainly in prostate carcinoma (PCa). Agents targeting GCPII suitable for both imaging and treatment of PCa are in development and they show promising results in advanced clinical trials. Some studies showed that GCPII may serve also as PCa blood serum marker, but this has not been validated due to the lack of methods suitable for accurate detection of GCPII in human blood. Moreover, GCPII is also expressed in brain, where it cleaves inhibitory N-acetyl-α-L- aspartyl-L-glutamate (NAAG) to release excitatory L-glutamate and GCPII inhibition has been shown to be neuroprotective in animal models of several neuropathies. Tight binding inhibitors of GCPII have been identified by rational design, but all have poor bioavailability and thus cannot be used in clinics. Identifying new scaffolds by 'brute force' screening methods is thus essential; however, no such method for GCPII has been developed so far. Glutamate carboxypeptidase III (GCPIII) is also expressed in brain and cleaves NAAG. It is thus an important protein for understanding of GCPII function as well as GCPII targeting in medicine. Here, we focused on development of novel methods for quantification of both...
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Antivirotické účinky stilbenoidů proti klíšťaty přenášeným patogenům in vivo
MAŠKOVÁ, Hana
This study was focused on antiviral effects of stilbenoids against a virus transmitted by ticks. The cell viability of selected cell line cultures in the presence of various concentrations of stilbenoids was determined using the MTT assay. Similarly, the mixed effect of other known antiviral substances and stilbenoids was studied using the MTT assay. Both the prophylactic effects of stilbenoids on the infected culture cell lines and the effect on viral replication were examined. The viral titres from samples were determined using plaque assay. Some of the experiments were performed also in vivo using laboratory mice.
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Biologické aspekty domestikace kulturních plodin
Jánová, Anna
The theme of this work is the examining of one of the key genetic principles in domestication traits in pea pod dehiscence. First, this work was preceded by the employment of the method called MACE (Massive Analysis of cDNA Ends). The method analyzed the mRNA which was isolated from pod sutures. The two parental lines were used JI64 (Pisum sativum ssp. elatius L.) wild field pea with dehiscent pods, JI92 (Pisum sativum ssp. sativum L.) landrace with indehiscent pods and RILs (Recombinant inbred lines) of reciprocal hybridization of both. As a result of the MACE analysis ten million reads were generated and seven thousand genes were identified only seventy seven genes differed with statistical significance in the samples with dehiscent and indehiscent pods. For the purpose of this work only three of them were used. Expression of these three candidate genes were assigned using Real-Time qRT-PCR for pod dehiscence. Base on qRT-PCR process the Ct values were calculated. The result of this work is the graphical view of expression volume of these candidate genes for both field pea lines during pod maturation.
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The use of molecular-biology methods (QRT-PCR) and immunocytological methods (flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry) for the detection of minimal residual disease in neuroblastoma
Grüncveigová, Veronika ; Vícha, Aleš (advisor) ; Daňková, Pavlína (referee)
With a continuous development of molecular-biology methods more attention has been paid to molecular detection of minimal residual diseases in solid tumors. In our study we focused on detection of MRD in neuroblastoma. Neuroblastoma is one of the peripheral neuroblastic tumors (pNTs) that accounts approximately for10 percent of all childhood cancers. The question raised however not answered until this day is whether evidence of MRD in bone marrow may be used as independent prognostic factor in diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Furthermore, it is important to establish what kind of testing technique should be used and what values to look at. There exist various methodologies in detection of MRD evidence in neuroblastoma. These methods differ in cost and complexity, but mainly some of them are more specific and sensitive than the other. Cancer cells may be detected in the blood as well as in the bone marrow. Very often it is the bone marrow that is affected by the metastasis in neuroblastoma, therefore 85% of all high risk neuroblastomas show positive results in the standard cytomorphology tests of bone marrow. Low numbers of cancer cells in bone marrow or peripheral blood (especially during or after the end of treatment) are below the standard values of detection limit in most of the classic methodologies...
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